本例子，讲述在android2.1上完全自已开发一个驱动去控制硬件口并写应用测试该驱动，通过这样一个例子，解析android下的驱动开发流程的应用调用流程，可以说是很好的入门引导
要达到的效果：通过android的应用，调用驱动程序，在开发板上控制4个LED的亮灭。
一、硬件原理
如上图，通过4个IO口控制这LED，低电平LED亮，
这4个IO口分别是GPM1, GPM2, GPM3, GPM4,
二、驱动程序
1、在kernel文件夹下的driver目录，新键驱动文件夹
# cd kernel_android_2.6.28.6/drivers
进到开发板的kernel目录，建驱动文件夹
#mkdir ledtest
2、在/driver/ledtest目录下，新建leddriver.c ，leddriver.h , Kconfig, Makefile 等4个文件
leddriver.c
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include "leddriver.h"
#include
(WATCHDOG_MINOR) */
#include
#include
#define Viberator_MAJOR 97 //主设备号
#define SCULL_NR_DEVS 4
#define SCULL_QUANTUM 4000
#define SCULL_QSET 1000
//---do as the GIO driver
#define DEVCOUNT 4
#define GIO_MINOR 2 /* GIO minor no. */
static dev_t dev; //申 请 到的主 设备 号
static struct cdev *cdev_p;
static int openCnt;
//--全局变量------------
int VIB_major = 97;//we asigment it for test
int VIB_minor = 0;
int VIB_nr_devs = SCULL_NR_DEVS;
int VIB_quantum = SCULL_QUANTUM;
int VIB_qset = SCULL_QSET;
static struct class *vib_dev_class;
#define GPNCON S3C64XX_GPNCON
#define GPNDAT S3C64XX_GPNDAT
#define GPNPUD S3C64XX_GPNPUD
#define GPMCON S3C64XX_GPMCON
#define GPMDAT S3C64XX_GPMDAT
#define GPMPUD S3C64XX_GPMPUD
#define VIB_ON 0x11
#define VIB_OFF 0x22
static const struct file_operations GPIO_Viberator_ctl_ops={
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = GPIO_VIB_open,
.read =GPIO_VIB_read,
.write =GPIO_VIB_write,
.ioctl = GPIO_VIB_ioctl,
.release =GPIO_VIB_release,
};
ssize_t GPIO_VIB_read(struct file * file,char * buf,size_t count,loff_t * f_ops)
{
char sdas[5]={1,3,8,1,6};
ssize_t status = 5;
unsigned long missing;
missing = copy_to_user(buf, sdas, status);
if (missing == status)
status = -EFAULT;
else
status = status - missing;
printk(" GPIO_VIB_read = %d ,count = %d/r/n",status,count);
gpio_direction_output(S3C64XX_GPM(3), 0);//
return status ;
}
ssize_t GPIO_VIB_write (struct file * file,const char * buf, size_t count,loff_t * f_ops)
{
unsigned long missing;
char inbuffer[512]={0};
int i;
missing = copy_from_user(inbuffer, buf, count);
printk(" GPIO_VIB_write count = %d missing =%d /r/n",count,missing);
gpio_direction_output(S3C64XX_GPM(3), 1);//
for(i=0;i { printk("Write:inbuffer[%d]=%d /r/n",i,inbuffer[i]); } return count; } //ssize_t GPIO_VIB_ioctl(struct inode * inode,struct file * file,unsigned int cmd, long data) static int GPIO_VIB_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg) { printk(KERN_ERR"VIB:GPIO_VIB_ioctl --CMD=%x /n",cmd); switch(cmd) { case VIB_ON: gpio_direction_output(S3C64XX_GPM(1), 0);// gpio_direction_output(S3C64XX_GPM(2), 0);// gpio_direction_output(S3C64XX_GPM(3), 0);// gpio_direction_output(S3C64XX_GPM(4), 1);// printk(KERN_ERR"VIB:GPIO_VIB_ioctl --VIB_ON/n"); break; case VIB_OFF: { printk(KERN_ERR"VIB:GPIO_VIB_ioctl --VIB_OFF/n"); gpio_direction_output(S3C64XX_GPM(1), 1);// gpio_direction_output(S3C64XX_GPM(2), 1);// gpio_direction_output(S3C64XX_GPM(3), 1);// gpio_direction_output(S3C64XX_GPM(4), 0);// break; } default:break; } //gpio_free(S3C64XX_GPN(7)); } ssize_t GPIO_VIB_open(struct inode * inode,struct file * file) { //模块数 //MOD_INC_USE_COUNT; printk("GPIO_VIB_open() /n"); return 0; } ssize_t GPIO_VIB_release(struct inode * inode, struct file * file) { // MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT;//模块数减1 printk("GPIO_VIB_release() /n"); return 0; } static int GPIO_VIB_CTL_init(void) { int ret = -ENODEV; int error ; printk("---------------------------------------------- /r/n"); //初始化端口 s3c_gpio_cfgpin(S3C64XX_GPM(1), S3C_GPIO_SFN(1));//GPM1 output s3c_gpio_cfgpin(S3C64XX_GPM(2), S3C_GPIO_SFN(1));//GPM2 output s3c_gpio_cfgpin(S3C64XX_GPM(3), S3C_GPIO_SFN(1));//GPM3 output s3c_gpio_cfgpin(S3C64XX_GPM(4), S3C_GPIO_SFN(1));//GPM4 output #if 1 /*静态方式注册驱动*/ ret = register_chrdev(Viberator_MAJOR, "viberator", &GPIO_Viberator_ctl_ops); if (ret < 0) { printk(KERN_ERR "VIB: unable to get major %d/n", ret); return ret; } //创建class vib_dev_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "viberator"); if (IS_ERR(vib_dev_class)) { unregister_chrdev(Viberator_MAJOR, "capi20"); return PTR_ERR(vib_dev_class); } //创建节点， device_create(vib_dev_class, NULL, MKDEV(Viberator_MAJOR, 0), NULL, "vib"); // create a point under /dev/class/vib //通过上面这两步，驱动加载后，就会在/dev/class/下面生成vib节点，应用程序可以像操作文件那样操作这个节点，通过open ,write,read 等函数操作，详情可以看后面的应用示例程序。 return 0; #endif #if 0/* 注册动态 */ if ((error = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, 0, DEVCOUNT, "vibrate")) < 0) { printk(KERN_ERR "VIB: Couldn't alloc_chrdev_region, error=%d/n", error); return 1; } printk("dev = %d /n",dev); cdev_p = cdev_alloc(); cdev_p->ops = &GPIO_Viberator_ctl_ops; error = cdev_add(cdev_p, dev, DEVCOUNT); if (error) { printk(KERN_ERR "VIB: Couldn't cdev_add, error=%d/n", error); return 1; } vib_dev_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "vib-dev"); if (IS_ERR(vib_dev_class)) { res = PTR_ERR(vib_dev_class); goto out_unreg_class; } return 0; #endif out_unreg_class: class_destroy(vib_dev_class); return 1; } static int __init S3C6410_VIB_init(void) { int ret = -ENODEV; //调用函数 printk(KERN_ERR "Auly: S3C6410_VIB_init---/n"); ret = GPIO_VIB_CTL_init(); if(ret) { printk(KERN_ERR "Auly: S3C6410_VIB_init--Fail !!!/n"); return ret; } return 0; } static void __exit cleanup_GPIO_VIB(void) { //注销设备 // devfs_unregister_chrdev(Viberator_MAJOR,"gpio_vib_ctl"); #if 0 cdev_del(cdev_p); unregister_chrdev_region(dev, DEVCOUNT); class_destroy(vib_dev_class); #endif device_destroy(vib_dev_class, MKDEV(Viberator_MAJOR, 0)); class_destroy(vib_dev_class); unregister_chrdev(Viberator_MAJOR, "viberator"); } MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Peter first driver"); MODULE_ALIAS_CHARDEV(Viberator_MAJOR, 0); module_init(S3C6410_VIB_init); module_exit(cleanup_GPIO_VIB); leddriver.h文件 leddriver.h文件 ssize_t GPIO_VIB_read(struct file * file,char * buf,size_t count,loff_t * f_ops);ssize_t GPIO_VIB_write (struct file * file,constchar * buf, size_t count,loff_t * f_ops);static int GPIO_VIB_ioctl(struct inode *inode,struct file *file,unsigned int cmd,unsigned long arg);ssize_t GPIO_VIB_open(struct inode * inode,struct file * file);ssize_t GPIO_VIB_release(struct inode * inode,struct file * file);static int GPIO_VIB_CTL_init(void); Kconfig 文件 Kconfig 文件 config LEDTEST tristate "LED test for ARMeasy" default n help this is a LED driver for ARMEASY with S3C6410 Makefile文件 Makefile文件 obj-$(CONFIG_LEDTEST)+=leddriver.o 3、在内核配置里菜单里加入本驱动的配置项 达到的效果是，可以通过内核配置来选择是否把本驱动编译进内核里，也就是出现在make menuconfig 后出来的界面里，可以参考9.8章 1）在arch/arm/Kconfig文件里 menu "Device Drivers"与 endmenu之间添加 source "drivers/ledtest/Kconfig" 2）在drivers/Kconfig menu "Device Drivers" 和 endmenu之间添加 source "drivers/ledtest/Kconfig" 3)修改/drivers/Makefile文件 Obj-$(CONFIG_LEDTEST) +=ledtest/ 4、编译驱动 在kernel目录下，终端输入 #make menuconfig “Device Drivers” 下面会看到 “LED test for ARMeasy”，选择它， 保存并退出 #make 这样，就会在/drivers/ledtest目录下得到leddrivr.ko文件，它就是驱动目标文件，已级编译进了zImage 里了，只要用这个kernel烧录到开发板，开机就会自动加载本驱动， PS，如果发现如上编译，没有在ledtest目录下生成leddriver.ko文件，也就是本根没有去编译本驱动，那就把ledtest目录入到/drivers/misc目录下，相应的修改misc下面，然后，在makefile里，不用选直接写成obj-y += leddriver.o，这样强制的包含进去编译。 三、 应用程序（测试驱动） 用C语言写一个应用，测试上面写的驱动是否工作正常，这是一般的驱动开发流程 主要有两个文件：Android.mk和ledtest.c 1、 在$(YOUR_ANDROID)/external/LEDTEST/目录编写ledtest.c文件， ledtest.c ledtest.c #include 2、在$(YOUR_ANDROID)/external/ LEDTEST /目录编写Android.mk文件。这是Android Makefile的标准命名，不要更改。Android.mk文件的格式和内容可以参考其他已有的Android.mk文件的写法，针对helloworld程序的Android.mk文件内容如下： Android.mk LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)include $(CLEAR_VARS)LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \/par hello.cLOCAL_MODULE := ledtestappinclude $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE) 注意上面LOCAL_SRC_FILES用来指定源文件； LOCAL_MODULE指定要编译的模块的名字，下一步骤编译时就要用到； include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)表示要编译成一个可执行文件，如果想编译成动态库则可用BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY，这些可以在 $(YOUR_ANDROID)/build/core/config.mk查到。 3、 回到Android源代码顶层目录进行编译： # cd $(YOUR_ANDROID) && make ledtestapp 例如我这里的实际操作是 #cd android2.1 #make ledtestapp 注意make ledtestapp中的目标名ledtestapp就是上面Android.mk文件中由LOCAL_MODULE指定的模块名。编译结果如下 make ledtestapp ============================================ PLATFORM_VERSION_CODENAME=REL PLATFORM_VERSION=2.1-update1 TARGET_PRODUCT=generic TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=eng TARGET_SIMULATOR= TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release TARGET_ARCH=arm HOST_ARCH=x86 HOST_OS=linux HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release BUILD_ID=ECLAIR ============================================ /bin/bash: line 0: cd: sdk/layoutopt/app/src/resources: No such file or directory target thumb C: ledtestapp <= external/LEDTEST/ledtest.c Install: out/host/linux-x86/bin/apriori Install: out/host/linux-x86/bin/soslim target Executable: ledtestapp (out/target/product/generic/obj/EXECUTABLES/ledtestapp_intermediates/LINKED/ledtestapp) target Non-prelinked: ledtestapp (out/target/product/generic/symbols/system/bin/ledtestapp) target Strip: ledtestapp (out/target/product/generic/obj/EXECUTABLES/ledtestapp_intermediates/ledtestapp) Install: out/target/product/generic/system/lib/libdl.so Install: out/target/product/generic/system/lib/libc.so Install: out/target/product/generic/system/lib/libstdc++.so Install: out/target/product/generic/system/lib/libm.so Install: out/target/product/generic/system/bin/ledtestapp 4、如上面的编译结果所示，编译后的可执行文件存放在 out/target/product/generic/system/bin/目录 可执行文件是ledtestapp 5、拷贝ledtestapp可执行文件到T卡，插入开发板 6、开电，在启动进入android的过程中，串口终端 按回车，进入命令行模式 7、拷贝可执行文件到根目录 #cp /sdcard/ledtestapp / 8、执行程序 #./ledtestapp 通过上面的步骤，可以看到开发板上相应的LED在闭，每秒钟闪一次！